Paraphrasing, summarising and quoting

It is sometimes necessary to quote or make reference to a work that you have not actually read but only encountered in the work of another. Even though you have not read the quoted source you must acknowledge the original source of the information, as well as the work in which it appears, in a parenthetical note.

It can be all too easy to say to yourself “the reader will know where this came from” when you include information from another source. This is not a good attitude to have about citations, as leaving out in-text references can lead to you being accused of plagiarism and receiving a poor grade on your assignment. Always choose to be super clear with where your research information has come from. The APA style is frequently used, and there are many reference lists of published works which follow this system. However, this is not a Manual of Style like the APA Style and the Chicago Manual. In UK academic culture, it is poor practice to use a lot of direct quotes from someone else’s work. Your assignment should be mostly written in your own words, using evidence from your research to support or challenge your statements.

MHRA basics: 2 How to set out quotations

The in-text citation alerts the reader to a source that has informed your own writing. In most academic writing, you should generally paraphrase from sources, rather than http://dev07.fatdog.agency/quoting-paraphrasing-summarizing/ quote directly. Quoting is where you copy an author’s text word for word, place double quotation marks around the words and add a citation at the end of the quote.

1. It is a good idea to have a reference for every claim you make, if possible.
2. The writer had read Gray et al but wanted to mention another reference they used.
3. Think of paraphrasing as your translation of one idea from a source .
4. It allows you to show interpretation of literature, and also to combine various sources into one paragraph.
5. Try using the Turnitin Draft Check site, which will appear in your list of Canvas modules.
6. Shona has a bachelor’s and two master’s degrees, so she’s an expert at writing a great thesis.
7. If you’re thinking about copy and pasting information into your essay, stop and think about the impact that this seemingly inconsequential action might have.

You can then use this short form in further references to refer to the series as a whole. When you want to cite a specific source, create a footnote in Word.

Complete guide to APA

An article is a dependent work , because articles are published in journals that are often online publications. Scientific journals are published at regular intervals. Note that opening or closing a paragraph or assignment with a quote is not good style in university-level writing. How to Avoid Plagiarism bridge statement examples | Tips on Citing Sources Avoid plagiarism by keeping track of the sources you use, quoting or paraphrasing them properly, and citing them correctly. APA uses block quotes for quotes that are 40 words or longer. As a general guideline, quotes should take up no more than 5–10% of your paper.

You can check your draft assignments for any text matches. Plagiarism is the act of presenting another person’s work as if it were your own. The university uses software packages to detect plagiarism. These tools are particularly useful when writing a dissertation or long assignment in which you cite the work of others. Op. cit.This is used when referring to a source that has previously been cited and means ‘in the work cited’, e.g. For periodicals, you should include the name of the periodical, the volume, issue or part number and the page references. Make sure that you have the latest date since previous editions of a work may differ substantially.

MHRA basics: 1 creating footnotes and bibliographies

Direct quotes are important for giving evidence and meaning to your ideas. Denise took notes from different sources on the internet by copying and pasting. When it came to writing should college athletes be paid essay her essay, she took ideas from all the sources she had read. Finding it hard to put the ideas into her own words she often copied word for word but did not use quotation marks.

One of the best ways to make sure you haven’t left out any in-text citations is to write them immediately after you’ve referenced a work as you are writing your paper. Waiting until the very end can lead to last-minute paper stress. Making them early can help you make the references for your bibliography, as they serve as a list of outside sources you have used in your work. One of the most important aspects of citation creation is to make sure you choose a citation style and stick with it throughout your paper.

How to reference a web page

Let’s go over how to use different types of punctuation in direct quotes. Denise has committed plagiarism because she has presented other people’s words as her own. If you quote word for word from a text, then you must show this by using quotation marks, and providing a full reference. Go to theEnglish Language for Academic StudyCanvas site for more information about academic English, referencing and paraphrasing, and combining sources. PhD funding for international students 12 April 2023 •7 min readCan you change accommodation at university? 12 April 2023 •4 min readView all posts Visit the UniHomes Blog homepage to see all of our articles. When you get to the reference list, you would reference the author you read rather than Bradshaw.

The editor’s name follows the title, as in the examples . In the footnote reference, the poet’s name should be first name followed by surname, e.g. The bibliography needs to be arranged alphabetically by author surname, so always reverse the name of the poet in the bibliography reference, e.g.

Citing Prose Play Texts

This is because the writer used a partial quote to integrate it seamlessly without a comma. If the direct quote appears toward the end of your sentence, you can use a comma before the quote to connect it to your words.

1. Do not use ‘Anon.’ Instead start the footnote reference with the title of the article.
2. This means that you need toinclude references for all information, even if it is from something which you do not consider ‘academic’, such as an unregulated website.
3. Note that with some newspaper articles, no individual author is credited.
4. Quotations from literary works which occur as part of the article title should also be enclosed in double quotation marks, as in the example of Saunders .
5. When you’re writing your assignment, include the references as you go along.

Keep in mind that multiple references by the same author should be listed in chronological order. Referencing an author who’s referencing an author whose work isn’t available? This is called secondary papers on gun control referencing (or ‘referenceception to us), and should be avoided wherever possible. It is often useful to describe the secondary quotation a little more, and show how it fits in with the first author.

Dealing with quotations from poems

In spite of this, large numbers of intelligent people condemn and resent language change (Aitchison, 1981, p.16, my italics). If you want to emphasise something in a quotation that is particularly relevant to your essay, put the emphasised words in italics, and state that the emphasis is your own. If you want to insert your own words, or different words, into a quotation, put them in square brackets . Language, then, like everything else, gradually transforms itself over the centuries. In a world where humans grow old, tadpoles change into frogs, and milk turns into cheese, it would be strange if language alone remained unaltered.

If you are using your own words to describe someone else’s ideas, you still need to give a reference to their work. Your assignments should result from your own hard work and they need to show academic integrity. That said, your work is not limited to just your views and opinions. https://msd-consulting.co.za/how-long-is-a-short-essay-in-words-writing/ Instead, it should be developed by thinking about ideas put forward by others. In fields such as science and medicine, there may be a long list of authors. In these cases, it might be acceptable to reference the first author followed by et al., but it’s best to check in advance.

What is the purpose of referencing?

This looks slightly different depending on the citation style. When you include a quote in Harvard style, you must add a Harvard in-text citation giving the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number if available. Any full stop or comma appears after the citation, not within the quotation marks. The full details of the source of the quote are then added into the reference list at the end of your assignment.

1. Long quotes are often used in assignments which focus on analysing a particular text closely .
2. Every time you quote, you must cite the source correctly.
3. Some web pages may have numbered sections which you can use include in your short citation to help locate a specific part.
4. Plagiarism is the act of presenting another person’s work as if it were your own.
5. The reference in no. 2 is the same as in no. 1 except that the page is different.
6. The in-text citation should be presented in brackets directly after the text you have quoted or paraphrased so it’s easy for the reader to identify.

You’ll use direct quotes to support your arguments throughout your degree. Learn how to reference your sources properly and show who said what to save you time and stress later on. Enclose any quotes in “quotation marks” – be consistent. Check out the further examples what to put before a quote to see whether your chosen referencing style uses single or double quotation marks. In footnote references, you need to specify the section of the play you are citing or quoting, including act, scene and line numbers if these are available, separated by full stops.